When it comes to cancer detection, blood tests can do more than just check your sugar or cholesterol levels. One powerful diagnostic tool that often goes under the radar is the tumor marker test—a blood test that can signal the presence of cancer, monitor its progression, or evaluate how well a treatment is working.
At Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center (CGHMC), tumor marker testing is an integral part of our comprehensive cancer care. But what exactly are tumor markers, and when should you consider getting tested?
Let’s break it down.
What are Tumor Markers?
Tumor markers are substances—usually proteins—that are produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. These markers can sometimes be detected in the blood, urine, or tissues of people with certain types of cancer.
Think of them as warning flags that signal abnormal activity in the body. While not every tumor marker confirms cancer on its own, they offer important clues that guide further evaluation or treatment.
Key Functions of Tumor Markers:
- Aid in early cancer detection
- Monitor disease progression
- Check for recurrence after treatment
- Assess how well a treatment is working
Common Tumor Markers and What They’re For
Different tumor markers are associated with different organs and types of cancer. Here are some of the most commonly tested:
Tumor Marker | Associated Cancer | Notes |
|---|---|---|
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | Prostate Cancer | Elevated levels may suggest prostate enlargement or cancer |
CA-125 (Cancer Antigen) | Ovarian Cancer | Often used to monitor treatment or recurrence |
Tumor Marker | Associated Cancer | Notes |
|---|---|---|
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) | Colorectal and other cancers | May rise in gastrointestinal, lung, or breast cancers |
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) | Liver, testicular, cancer | High levels can indicate liver tumors or germ cell tumors |
CA 19-9 | Pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers | Used for diagnosis and monitoring |
HER2/neu | Breast cancer | Helps determine suitability |
How Tumor Markers Are Used in Practice
Despite their potential, tumor markers are not used alone to diagnose cancer. They are most effective when used in combination with imaging, clinical evaluation, or biopsy to confirm or rule out disease.
Tumor Marker Testing May Be Recommended:
Despite their potential, tumor markers are not used alone to diagnose cancer. They are most effective when used in combination with imaging, clinical evaluation, or biopsy to confirm or rule out disease.
Tumor Marker Testing May Be Recommended:
- For patients with a known diagnosis: To monitor how well a treatment is working or to check for recurrence.
- For high-risk individuals: Those with a strong family history of specific cancers may be advised to monitor certain markers regularly.
- When symptoms appear: If unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, or site-specific symptoms are present, tumor markers may be included in the work-up.
They are particularly helpful after cancer treatment, when doctors want to track whether the disease has returned. A sudden rise in a tumor marker could prompt further investigation before symptoms even appear.
When Should You Consider Tumor Marker Testing?
Consider testing if you:
- Have a family history of specific cancers (e.g. BRCA-linked breast or ovarian cancer)
- Are undergoing treatment for cancer
- Have completed treatment and are monitoring for recurrence
- Show concerning symptoms such as unexplained pain, lumps, or unusual bleeding
- Belong to a high-risk age group or demographic
Why Not Use Tumor Markers Alone?
It’s a common misconception that tumor markers are a shortcut to diagnosing cancer. In truth, they are best understood as part of a bigger picture.
Limitations to Keep in Mind:
- False positives: Elevated levels may not always mean cancer.
- False negatives: Not all cancers produce detectable markers, especially in early stages.
- Lack of specificity: Some markers can be elevated in multiple types of cancer or non-cancerous conditions.
That’s why these tests are usually paired with imaging (ultrasound, CT, PET/CT) and tissue biopsy, especially when making a diagnosis.
Tumor Marker Testing at CGHMC
At CGHMC’s Pathology and Laboratory Services, tumor marker testing is conducted with precision, speed, and physician coordination. Our services include:
- Comprehensive blood panels for cancer marker detection
- BRCA genetic screening for high-risk breast and ovarian cancer patients
- Oncologist collaboration to interpret and follow up results
- Integration with imaging and specialty consults to guide next steps
Whether you are newly diagnosed, in remission, or under regular monitoring, our goal is to provide accurate results that guide informed, effective care.
Taking the Next Step
If you think tumor marker testing may be appropriate for you, the best first move is to speak with your doctor. This ensures testing is necessary, medically indicated, and interpreted in the correct context.
At CGHMC, your physician will:
- Review your medical history and symptoms
- Assess your risk profile
- Recommend relevant tumor marker tests (if needed)
- Coordinate next steps based on the results
Call (02) 8711 4141 to book a consultation
Visit www.cghmc.com.ph for more information about our Pathology Lab and Cancer Institute
Tumor marker tests are valuable allies in the fight against cancer—but only when used correctly
